RESUMÉ July 2007
KENNETH W. KENNEDY, Ph.D.
Yellow
Springs, OH
CONSULTANT
ENGINEERING
ANTHROPOMETRY -- CREW STATION GEOMETRY -- HUMAN MECHANICS
EDUCATION:
Ph.D. Engineering
Anthropometry, Union Graduate Institute (1976)
M.A. Human Anatomy,
University of Michigan (1965)
Graduate Study, Physical Anthropology and Zoology, University of Michigan
(1956-1958)
B.S. Area
in Science, Murray State University (1952)
SPECIAL
COURSES:
Introduction to Robotics, Institute of Industrial Engineers, Norcross, GA
(1982)
Human Factors Engineering, University of Michigan Summer Conference, Ann
Arbor, MI (1975)
Physiological Systems Analysis for Engineers, University of Michigan
Summer
Conference (1971)
Computer Graphics for Designers, University of Michigan Summer Conference
(1969)
Engineering Graphics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH (1963)
HONORS
AND AWARDS:
Sustained Superior Performance Award, Aerospace Medical Research
Laboratory
(AMRL), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (1983)
Certificate of Merit, AMRL, W-PAFB, OH (1979)
Human Engineer of the Year, AMRL, W-PAFB, OH (1968)
Scholarship, Graduate Study at the University of Michigan, Awarded by
AMRL,
W-PAFB,
EXPERIENCE:
1990 –
Present: Consultant: Engineering Anthropometry
Crew
Station Geometry
Human Mechanics
Anthropometric
and Biomechanical analyses of aircraft crew stations.
Most recent: co-development of techniques to evaluate Anthropometric
accommodation in aircraft cockpits,
1986 – 1990: Senior Research Scientist
Universal Energy Systems, Inc.
Dayton, OH
45433
Anthropometric
and Biomechanic analyses of all-terrain vehicles for Consumer Products Safety
Commission: Presented Industrial Ergonomics Seminars to Ford Co.: Consulted with
United States Air Force, Ford Motor Co., Stouffers Foods, Industrial
Biomechanics, Inc. and other management and research personnel regarding
solution of specific ergonomic problems: Provided legal consultation, analysis,
discovery, and other investigative activities in product liability issues:
Evaluated proposed spacing for a family of new commercial airline passenger
seats for Northwest Airlines and Military Airlift Command: Collated and
organized anthropometric data from 5 major surveys to serve as basis for
computerized data base for the USAF: Designed and marketed 2-D engineering
design manikins: derived 2- and 3-D kinematic human link models.
1958 – 1986: Research Physical Anthropologist, (Civilian)
Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory
United States Air Force
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH
Designed
and proofed 2-D male and female Engineering Design Manikins representing U.S.
Air Force pilots: Accepted by USAF and Aerospace Industries Association as
aerospace industry standard: Recommended by NATO and ASCC (Commonwealth) member
nations: Patented. Performed Anthropometric and Biomechanical Evaluations of
cockpits of a wide range of inventory and experimental military aircraft, ground
support equipment, tanks and ordinance handling vehicles.
Derived conventional, variable and low profile aircraft crew station
design geometries to achieve body size accommodation for a very high percent of
USAF pilots.
Analyzed
motion characteristics of the human vertebral column and limbs: Served as basic
"skeleton" of USAF Armstrong Laboratory Combiman computer model and
USAF and UES/Kennedy 2-D engineering design manikins.
SELECTED
PUBLICATIONS:
"Aircraft Cockpit Anthropometry," The Ergonomist, The newsletter of The Ergonomics Society, June 2003, No. 396, p. 4.
"Anthropometric Accommodation in Aircraft Cockpits, Methodologies for Examination," An Internet Publication, http://CockpitEval.home.att.net, FrontPage 2000, 1 June 2001.
“Anthropometric
Accommodation in Aircraft Cockpits, A Methodology for Examination,” with D.
Dixon, G. Zehner, P. Files, and J. Hudson, Instructional Compact Disc, Air Force
Research Laboratory (AFRL), Crew Systems Interface Division, Cockpit
Accommodation Facility, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 2000.
“T-38
Cockpit Accommodation: Analytical Techniques,” with J.A. Hudson, G.F. Zehner,
and D.A. Dixon, Poster Session, SAFE Association 1997 Annual Symposium, Phoenix,
AZ, 8-10 September 1997.
“Anthropometric
Accommodation in Training Aircraft,” with G.F. Zehner, J.A. Hudson, L. Ivey,
and J. Anderson, paper presented to 1997 SAFE Association 1997 Annual Symposium,
Phoenix, AZ, 8-10 September 1997.
"Assessment
of Anthropometric Accommodation in Aircraft Cockpits," with G.F. Zehner, SAFE
Journal, Vol. 25, No. 1, January, 1995, pp. 51-57.
"Engineering
Anthropometry in Vehicular Design," with J.M. Christensen and J.M. Howard,
in Peters, G.A. and Peters, B.J., Editors, Automotive Engineering and
Litigation, Vol. 3, Garland Law Publishing, New York & London, 1990.
Derivation
of Low Profile and Variable Cockpit Geometries to Achieve 1st to 99th Percentile
Accommodation, AAMRL-TR-86-016, Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, March 1986.
A
Collation of United States Air Force Anthropometry, AAMRL-TR-85-062,
Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base, OH, January 1986.
"Workspace
Evaluation and Design: USAF Drawing Board Manikins and the Development of
Cockpit Geometry Design Guides," Proceedings of a NATO Symposium on
Anthropometry and Biomechanics: Theory and Application, 7-11 July 1980,
Queens College, Cambridge, England, NATO Conference Series 111, Vol. 16, Edited
by R. Easterby, K.H.E. Kroemer, and D.B. Chaffin, Plenum Press, New York and
London, 1982.
"Workspace Evaluation and Design: USAF Drawing Board Manikins and the Development of Cockpit Geometry Design Guides," Workload and Ergonomics Branch, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 1979.
Reach
Capability of Men and Women: A Three Dimensional Analysis,
AMRL-TR-77-50, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base, OH, July 1978.
"International
Anthropometric Variability and Its Effects on Aircraft Cockpit Design,"
NATO Advisory Committee on Human Factors Symposium on National and Cultural
Variables in Human Factors Engineering, Oosterbeek, The Netherlands, June 1972
and in Ethnic Variables in Human Factors Engineering, Edited by A.
Chapanis, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1975.
Visibility
Toward the Ground from Selected Tactical Aircraft, with D. McKechnie,
AMRL-TR-69-123, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air
Force Base, OH, October 1970.
Development
of Design Standards for Ground Support Consoles, with C. Bates, Jr.,
AMRL-TR-65-163, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air
Force Base, OH, December 1965.
Reach
Capability of the USAF Population, Phase 1, The Outer Boundaries of
Grasping-Reach Envelopes for the Shirt-Sleeved, Seated Operator,
AMRL-TDR-64-59, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air
Force Base, OH, September 1964.
HOME
ADDITIONAL
PUBLICATIONS, PAPERS AND SEMINARS:
"Anthropometric
Accommodation in Aircraft Cockpits: A Methodology for Evaluation," with G.
F. Zehner, 8th Annual Interservice/Industry Acceleration Colloquium, I-675
Holiday Inn, Dayton, OH, 22 July 1994.
“Human
Morphometrics, Motion, and Performance Research,” (Final Report for the period
March 1990 to September 1993, Contract F33615-89-C-0572) with Bruce Bradtmiller,
et al, AL/CF-TR-1994-0038, Armstrong Laboratory, Human Engineering Division, Air
Force Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, June 1994.
"An
Evaluation of Body Clearances Offered by the PTC Aerospace XL-C940-01-4C Airline
Tourist Class Passenger Seat at Pitch Distances of 30 and 31 Inches,"
Universal Energy Systems, Inc., Dayton, OH, August 1989.
"Anthropometric
and Biomechanic Evaluation of Varian Ximatron, Clinac Softpot and Standard
Clinac Pendants for Single Hand/Hold and Control/Operation of Radiation Therapy
Equipment," Universal Energy Systems, Dayton, OH, (Report to Industrial
Biomechanics, Inc., Oak Ridge, NC), 4 January 1988.
"All
Terrain Vehicle Driving Skills: Anthropometric Considerations," Universal
Energy Systems, Inc., Dayton, OH, (Report to the Consumer Products Safety
Commission, Washington, DC), November 1987.
"Anthropometric
Evaluation of Selected All Terrain Vehicles," Universal Energy Systems,
Inc., Dayton, OH, (Report to Consumer Products Safety Commission, Washington,
DC), November 1987.
“A
Collation of United States Army and Air Force Anthropometry,” Universal Energy
Systems, Inc., Dayton, OH, final product Contract F33615-85-C-0541 (USA),
September 1987.
"Repetitive
Trauma Disorders: Job Evaluation and Design," with Armstrong, T.J., Radwin,
R.G., and Hansen, D.J., Human Factors, 28:3,325-336, June 1986.
"The
Effects of Inflation of Antishock Trousers on Hemodynamics in Normalvolemic
Subjects," with T. Jenning, J. Seaworth, L. Tripp, L. Howell, and C.
Goodyear, Journal of Trauma, April 1985.
"Some
Effects of Increasing the Range of Body Sizes to be Accommodated in High
Performance Aircraft," USAF Multi-Disciplinary Workshop, Pilot Selection
and Flying Physical Standards for the 1980s, Air Force Medical Service Center,
Brooks Air Force Base, TX, 3-5 April 1979.
Selected
Design Parameters for Reclining Seats Based on Engineering Anthropometry,
with M.M. Ayoub and S. Deivanayagam, AMRL-TR-77-44, Aero space Medical Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, September 1977.
"Estimating
Relaxed Tolerance to +Gz Accelerations through the Use of Drawing Board
Manikins," Proceedings of the 47th Annual Scientific Meetings of the
Aerospace Medical Association, Bal Harbour, FL, May 1976.
Paths
of Movement for Selected Body Segments During Typical Pilot Tasks, with M.M.
Ayoub and S. Deivanayagam, AMRL-TR-75-111, Aerospace Medical Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, March 1976.
"New
USAF Drawing Board Manikins for Crew Station Design," Proceedings of the
46th Annual Scientific Meetings of the Aerospace Medical Association, San
Francisco Hilton, San Francisco, CA, 30 April 1975.
"Paths
of Movement of Body Members in the Aircraft Cockpit," with S. Deivanayagam
and M.M. Ayoub, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Human Factors
Society, October 1974.
"Using
Two-Dimensional Drawing Board Manikins in Crew Station Design," 90th
Meeting of the Aircrew Station Standardization Panel (ASSP), Missouri Athletic
Club, St. Louis, MO, 13 March 1974.
"Anthropometry
and Kinematics in Crew Station Design," Crew System Design, ANACAPA
Science, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 67-79, July 1973.
Involuntary
Head Movements and Helmet Motions During Centrifuge Runs of Up to 6Gz, with
K.H.E. Kroemer, AMRL-TR-72-40, Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Scientific
Meetings of the Aerospace Medical Association, May 1972: and in Aerospace
Medicine, 44:6, June 1973.
"A
Device to Evaluate the Reachability of Aircraft Hand-Operated Controls," Proceedings
of the 44th Annual Scientific Meetings of the Aerospace Medical Association,
Las Vegas Hilton, Las Vegas, NV, 10 May 1973.
"Sizing
the Aircraft Crew Station for the Foreign User," SAE International
Engineering Congress and Exposition, Cobo Hall, Detroit, MI, 11 January 1973.
Displacements
of a Helmet-Attached Reticle Under Gz Forces, with K.H.E. Kroemer,
AMRL-TR-72-39, 43rd Annual Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association, May
1972.
"Development
of a Cockpit Reach Evaluator," 86th Meeting of the Aircrew Station
Standardization Panel (ASSP), Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory,
Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans, LA, 22 March 1972.
A
Collation of Anthropometry, with J.W. Garrett, AMRL-TR-68-1, Aerospace
Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, June 1971
"Ground
Areas Visible from the Aircraft Cockpit Eye Position: A Method of
Evaluation," in Problems of the Cockpit Environment, NATO-AGARD
Conference Proceedings No. 55, March 1970.
"Vision
Toward the Ground from the Cockpits of Selected Tactical Aircraft," Lectures
in Aerospace Medicine, Seventh Series,
USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks Air Force Base, TX, 9-12
February 1970.
Aperture
Sizes and Depths of Reach for One- and Two-Handed Tasks, with B. Filler,
AMRL-TR-66-27, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air
Force Base, OH, October 1966.
"Physical
and Geometric Aspects of Air Force Anthropometry," with C.E. Clauser,
symposium titled "Applied Physical Anthropology - A Survey of Prospects and
a Call for Increased AAPA Activity," Proceedings of the 1966 Annual
Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, University
of California, Berkeley, CA, 6 April 1966.
"Relaxed
Posture Without Motion," Chapter 2, "An Introduction to Surface-Free
Behaviour," by J.C. Simons, Ergonomics 7:1, January 1964.